Auctions | April 25, 2023

First Book Published by an African American Woman Leads Bonhams Sale

Bonhams

Phillis Wheatley’s 1773 Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral

Phillis Wheatley’s 1773 Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, the first book published by an African American woman, a ‘tricky’ math problem Einstein solved for a class of high schoolers, and a Shaker manuscript hymnal are among the highlights at Bonhams’ Fine Books & Manuscripts sale, running online until May 4.

Wheatley’s book is also the first American poetry to gain international recognition and acclaim. In her 1773 tour to England in support of the books publication she met luminaries and royalty of London society, such as the Lord Mayor of London and Benjamin Franklin, and only her necessary early departure to help Susanna Wheatley kept her from her meeting with King George III, who was said to be a fan. 

This copy, complete with all ads and the portrait frontispiece (the first individual portrait representation of an African American woman), and the first printing according to Stoddard’s points, is bound up contemporarily with the first edition of Robert Blair’s popular 1743 poem The Grave, indicating perhaps the initial owner considered Wheatley’s poems a success in the wider context of British elegiac poetry, and not as the sensational work of an American enslaved woman.

Another highlight of the sale is a Shaker manuscript hymnal, Women's Words. This is a beautiful example of a Shaker musical manuscript, written down by multiple hands with many of the songs attributed to specific individuals within specific communities. Most of the songs include the uniquely Shaker form of musical notations that developed within the communities during the early part of the 19th-century. There is an interesting letter laid-in discussing the passing around of a monthly Women’s Words – perhaps a journal or songbook, and in this collection of songs, all but a handful of the attributed songs are from women within the community, including some with multiple songs. These songbooks would be passed among various members of the communities with the original inspired verses.

The Shaker hymnal
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Bonhams

The Shaker hymnal

The letter to Einstein
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Bonhams

The letter to Einstein

The Narrative of Conditions in Nauvoo Six Days Before the Mormon Exodus Begins
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Bonhams

The Narrative of Conditions in Nauvoo Six Days Before the Mormon Exodus Begins

Newto's Principia for Theology
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Bonhams

Newton's Principia for Theology

Also under the hammer is Narrative of Conditions in Nauvoo Six Days Before the Mormon Exodus Begins, a rare document and one of a small group of manuscripts from an archive relating to Mormon leader Newel K. Whitney (1795-1850), an early convert to the LDS Church who took up an important leadership role at Kirtland alongside Joseph Smith, Jr.  Many of the documents relate to the early Church years in Kirtland, OH and Nauvoo, IL, up to and including the Great Migration to Utah. Present are Whitney family letters and documents that give a glimpse into the lives of early Church members during this tumultuous time, including this example, most likely written by N.K. Whitney’s brother (or possibly a sister) which reports that  the Mormons have decided that the danger of genocide is so great they must move out of the state forever.

Other documents included in the collection are a deed of sale signed by Joseph Smith, transferring ownership of a plot of land during a period in which he was feeling intense pressure from creditors, as well as a chatty letter from early member J.C. Kingsbury on pictorial stationery describing his family life to Whitney relatives.

Johanna Mankiewicz, the daughter of Citizen Kane screenwriter Herman Mankiewicz, was 16 years old when, faced with an intractable problem from her high school geometry teacher, she sent a personal letter to Albert Einstein. Einstein, at the time in 1952 was very responsive to his fans, and no doubt charmed by Mankiewicz’s forthrightness (“I realize that you are a very busy man, but you are the only person we know of who could supply us with the answer and let us keep ourselves busy at our other business”) took the time to respond.

He supplied the path to the answer, but did not entirely solve the problem for her. Somehow, the international press got wind of it, and the story went viral. Not everyone was pleased however, in particular her teacher and the staff at the Westlake School for Girls in Beverly Hills. It has remained within the family until now and has never been offered for sale.

Isaac Newton famously noted that he hoped his work in science would leave the world of
natural philosophy “less mischievous” than he had found it. His Principia indeed did that and more,
imposing a beautiful and simple order of universal law of gravitation and motion which governed the
observed phenomena described by his scientific predecessors. It’s less known that he also was working
to do the same for revealed religion. In his Irenicum, composed in the twilight of his life, he seeks what
might be considered a Principia for theology, a simple framework for religion that would unite the
various sects that had warred in England for hundreds of years.

Newton writes with the long benefit of his “riper” years, setting forth an easily applied prescription for worship “sufficient for salvation.” The more difficult (and contentious) arguments and religious investigation are left for men of riper years and should not interfere with the simple worship of “the common people & to their wives & children.”

The main part of the manuscript is help in a series of drafts at King’s College, Cambridge, and these two
pages are (as far as we have found) the only pages from the Irenicum to sell at auction since 1936.