manchester library.jpgA controversial effort by the UK's largest municipal library to pulp hundreds of thousands of books was halted earlier this week by a writers' campaign.  Manchester Public Library, in the midst of a three year, £170m overhaul, was thought to have begun destroying books due to a miscalculation in the amount of shelf space available in their newly revamped library. The information and motivations behind the decision - which was handed down from Manchester City Council - were not made clear.

The council claims the books being pulped are duplicates, outdated, or obsolete. A spokesman for the council was quoted in The Guardian, saying "All rare, valuable, historic and local history items are being kept." Those qualities, however, which are already subjective, become particularly troublesome when trying to guess what future generations might find "valuable," "rare," or "historic."

After news of the pulping broke in the press, a large public outcry ensued.  Carol Ann Duffy, the current poet laureate in Britain, wrote an open protest letter to the head of libraries in Machester which attracted the signatures of a variety of literary names including Jeanette Winterson, Michael Symmonds Roberts, and Jackie Kay. The letter, and the surrounding press coverage, seem to have at least temporarily halted the pulping process.  According to the library's friends group, the books marked for pulping are now being moved into temporary storage. 

A long term solution, however, may still be a long time in coming.

A couple October sales are already behind us:


- On 2 October Bonhams sold Early Printing and English Books to 1640, in 285 lots. The top price of £49,250 went (auction title notwithstanding) to a volume containing two fourteenth-century Franciscan texts. The Aldine Herodotus of 1502 sold for £33,650.


- Also on 2 October, Swann Galleries sold Printed and Manuscript Americana, in 528 lots. A large collection of the Civil War correspondence of Capt. Isaac Plumb of Sherburne, NY, along with three Civil War swords, sold for $55,200. A copy of McKenney and Hall's History of the Indian Tribes of North America fetched $38,400.


- A Charles Leander Weed photograph from Yosemite made $374,500 today at Sotheby's photographs sale.


- At Bloomsbury on 4 October, a sale entitled Red China, 1921-1976, in 287 lots.


- Bloomsbury holds a Bibliophile Sale on 5 October, in 268 lots.


- Christie's London sells Travel, Science, and Natural History on 9 October, in 341 lots. A thermometer signed by Fahreinheit himself rates the top estimate, £70,000-100,000. Lots of neat Antarctica-related things up for grabs in this one.


- Bonhams San Francisco sells Fine Books and Manuscripts on 10 October, in 423 lots. Among the expected highlights: a typescript of an unpublished Timothy Leary work, estimated at $30,000-50,000.


- Swann Galleries will sell Art, Press and Illustrated Books on 11 October, in 367 lots.


- At PBA Galleries on 11 October, Fine Literature, Americana Bibliography, and Fine Books in All Fields, for a total of 368 lots.


- On 18 October at Bloomsbury, Literature, Manuscripts, Travel and Natural History Books will be up for grabs, in 624 lots.


- At Swann Galleries on 23 October, Aldine Imprints & Early Printed Books from the Library of Kenneth Rapoport, in 119 lots. As you'd expect, there are some real goodies here, but the lot with the top estimate is a copy of the Aldine Theocritus with contemporary hand coloring. It's estimated at $40,000-60,000.


- Bloomsbury will sell Modern First Editions: The Collection of Clive Hirschhorn on 25 October, in 416 lots.


- No preview yet for the 25 October PBA Galleries sale of California & Its Ranchos: The John C. Broome Library.


- Christie's Paris sells Emilie du Chatelet manuscripts and books on 29 October, in 58 lots. A partial manuscript of her translation of Newton's Principia rates the top estimate, at ??400,000-600,000. They'll also sell Importants Livres Anciens, Livres D'Artistes et Manuscrits on the same day, in 114 lots. A copy of Redouté's Les Roses is estimated at ??450,000-650,000.


- On 30 October at Christie's London, The Le Vivier Library of Sporting Books and Modern First Editions, in 333 lots. Wynken de Worde's 1518 The boke of hawkyinge and Huntynge and fysshynge could fetch £80,000-120,000.


- At Christie's Paris on 30 October, Collection d'un Amateur Bibliophile, in 195 lots.



The October roundup's coming soon, but before that, a look back at September.


- The Asian Art Reference Books sale at Christie's New York on 13 September realized $1,290,825. Two lots shared the top price of $74,500: Mizuno and Nagahiro's Yun Kang the Buddhist Cave-Temples of the Fifth Century A.D. in Northern China (1951-1956) and Great Paintings of the Sung Dynasty (1975).


- Sale prices for the PBA Galleries 13 September Rare Books & Manuscripts: The Property of Jane Hohfield Galante sale are here. The untrimmed copy of the first edition of Smith's Wealth of Nations was the top lot, at $90,000. Darwin's copy of Bewick's British Birds didn't do as well as anticipated, fetching $54,000. The other expected top lots failed to sell.


- Results of the 13 September Bibliophile Sale at Bloomsbury are here.


- The top lot at the 20 September Children's, Conjuring, Private Press and Modern First Editions at Bloomsbury on 20 September was an original Arthur Rackham illustration, which made £10,000.


Dominic Winter Auctions sold Printed Books and Historical Documents, Important British Atlases & Maps on 19 September (results), and "A Gentleman's Library" on 20 September (results).


- At the Bonhams Oxford sale of Printed Books and Maps on 25 September, the top lot was a fine binding copy of a 1904 edition of Malory's Mort d'Arthur, done by Chivers of Bath. It sold for £6,875.


- On 27 September PBA Galleries sold Americana, African-American History, Travel & Exploration, Cartography from the library from Jane Galante. Results are here. The top price went to a Carl Bodmer aquatint, which sold for $18,000.


Our series profiling the next generation of antiquarian booksellers continues today with Heather O'Donnell, proprietor of Honey and Wax Booksellers in Brooklyn:

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NP: How did you get started in rare books?

 

HO: Growing up, I had a strong feeling for books, and poked around secondhand shops and used book sales whenever I could. One of the books on the Honey & Wax website dates from those days: I bought it when I was fifteen. (You'll have to guess which one.) As an English major at Columbia, I held lots of bookish jobs, including a formative summer at the Strand. In grad school, I worked as a curatorial assistant at the Beinecke Library. There I had my formal introduction to rare books and manuscripts: what they are, how they trade, how to handle and describe them properly. After Yale, I taught for several years at Princeton, but found that the academy and I were drifting quietly apart. In 2004, David Bauman offered me a position with Bauman Rare Books in New York. It was a great opportunity, and I took it.

NP: When did you open Honey & Wax and what do you specialize in?

HO: I started Honey & Wax in the fall of 2011, and launched the website, the following February. The first print catalogue mails this fall. I specialize in rare and unique copies of literary classics, with occasional forays into the arts. My favorite books are association copies: books presented by one writer to another, books from the libraries of interesting readers, books with a secret past.

NP: What is the origin of the name?

HO: A few years ago, at a book fair, I was leafing through a nineteenth-century English grammar, and came across the phrase "use books as bees use flowers." I was so taken with the line and all it suggested that I wrote it down. Later, when I was thinking of starting my own company, I came back to the idea of the social life of the printed book: the way that books bring writers and readers together, of course, but also the way that a special copy can forge a bond between giver and recipient, or connect generations of readers over time. How do bees use flowers? Together, they make honey and wax.

 

On a more prosaic note, the apostrophe in my name screws everything up online, so O'Donnell Rare Books was out.

NP: Favorite or most interesting book that you've handled?

HO: It's hard to choose just one. Two of my favorite books, recently sold, were an 1809 anthology of dramatic verse inscribed by the Shakespearean actress Sarah Siddons, who defined many of those speeches for English audiences, and a copy of Nightwood annotated and revised after publication by Djuna Barnes. In the fall catalog, I'm particularly fond of Walker Evans's copy of The Waste Land and George Gershwin's copy of Gentlemen Prefer Blondes.

NP: What do you personally collect?


HO: At this point, the only rare books I own are those that have been given to me as gifts, or inscribed to me personally: I try to channel my acquisitive impulses into my customers' collections. That said, some books I'll always buy. I love quirky editions of Henry James. Last year in Prague, I picked up a Communist-era Czech translation of Washington Square full of sexy expressionistic woodcuts: so wrong, and yet irresistible. I have two shelves of paperbacks designed by Edward Gorey when he was art editor at Anchor in the 1950s, and a small collection of vintage books on charm (theory and practice).

NP: You've worked in a variety of bookish and academic professions.  What do you love about working as a rare book dealer and how does it compare to the other fields you've worked in?

 

HO: For me, the revelation of working in the rare book trade has been how many people, in all walks of life, at every level of collecting, are pursuing a passionate reading life. In the academy, the unspoken assumption (and sometimes, the spoken one) is that the really serious reader writes about literature for a living. The book trade has given me a much broader and truer sense of what the well-read life can be.

NP: Any other thoughts to share on the book trade and its future?

 

HO: This is an exciting time for the trade, because the explosion of digital text has made everyone newly aware of the unique qualities of the printed book. Some people don't miss those qualities, but others do, and seek out printed books by choice. They don't necessarily call themselves collectors, but that's what they are, and they ask more from their books than just the presence of the text. Sometimes they want a classic first printing, or a copy inscribed by the author, but they might also be drawn to a striking vintage edition, or a copy with curious early marginalia, or an innovative artist's book. The truth is, when readers buy any printed books today - new or old, commonplace or rare - they're making a choice to collect in a way that was not true even five years ago. I think there's a real opportunity for dealers to meet those new collectors where they are and show them books they haven't seen.

 

NP: Tell us about the production of your first catalogue and how to obtain a copy.

 

HO: Because Honey & Wax is devoted to the social life of the book, I wanted to feature the books in the context of a real home, not floating in space. We shot the catalogue on a sweltering August day in Brooklyn, borrowing my friends' house and much of their stuff. My one regret is that I had intended to get a Kindle or Nook into one of the shots, to show the printed book and the e-reader coexisting in peace. I'd love to do that in future Honey & Wax catalogues, so that when readers page back through them, they can date each catalogue by the comparative obsolescence of the gadgetry. Books age better.

 

Eventually, the catalogue will be posted on the website, and available as a PDF. Readers who prefer a hard copy can write info@honeyandwaxbooks.com.



folsom-ha.jpgWhen a big, eclectic auction comes up, like Heritage Auctions' Rare Books & Historical Manuscripts sale later this week in Beverly Hills, it feels impossible to handpick a few of the best or most interesting books and documents. So I peruse the catalogue, awed at everything, but waiting for the moment when I am star-struck. That happened on page 25 of the HA Rare Books catalogue when I spied a Folsom State Prison Mugshot Book,1915-1923. Johnny Cash fan or not ("I Got Stripes..."), this is a mesmerizing book, with 1,300 pictures and basic stats about each convict. The auction estimate is $5,000. It is followed by a similar mugshot book from San Quentin from 1928-1929, which holds the same estimate.

kent-ha.jpgThe Rockwell Kent personal photo archive of his homes in New York and Maine and his excursions to Denmark, Greenland, Alaska, etc. is one of the big-ticket items, estimated at $50,000. The 1,400 black-and-white photographs, taken from 1931-1953, were developed and printed by Kent, and most bear his ownership stamp. The majority are housed in albums, with spine labels in Kent's hand.

kennedy-ha.jpgFor me, another "wow" moment happened on page 72 of the Historical Manuscripts catalogue, where there is a 1963 Christmas card signed by President John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy. The president and first lady signed this card (and about thirty others) just days before making their fateful trip to Dallas. But, of course, the cards were never sent. The estimate is $10,000-15,000.

Then, at the very end of the same catalogue, I found a neat collection of wax seals, including a large gilt bronze wax seal stamp in the shape of a crow (estimate $750-900), some agate-handled, some brass, some decorative seals, and even a massive locket seal ring (estimate $200-250).

You can preview some more of the rare books auction's highlights in the three-minute HA video:

By Jeremy Howell

 

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In this election season, remembering Charles Dickens as a champion of the displaced and downtrodden is particularly timely.  Fine Books & Collections recently had the opportunity to sit down with Dr. William Moeck, curator of "Charles Dickens: The Key to Character" on exhibition at the New York Public Library.  This 200th birthday celebration with a five-monthlong exhibit was four years in the making, and explores events in Dickens's life that inspired his unforgettable characters and their interpretation by other artists. The show boasts artifacts as varied as a Great Expectations-inspired designer gown and illustrations done by Hablot Knight Browne, the artist know as "Phiz." In addition to curating this exhibit, Dr. Moeck is a State University of New York Nassau Community College professor of English literature.



Top Left:  J. R. Brown. "Dickens Surrounded by His Characters." Engraving from Charles Dickens by Pen and Pencil, by Frederic G. Kitton (London: F. T. Sabin, 1890). General Research Division, NYPL.

 


JH:  
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

Charles Dickens (1812-1870) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Why do we find Dickens so compelling today?
   

Dr. Moeck:  The easy answer is that he continues to make us laugh and continues to make us cry, often on the same page.  Although that melodrama may not be to everyone's taste, the philosopher George Santayana nailed it when he said that although Dickens's taste is sometimes wanting, no one can deny his genius.

 

I think, really, the reason why Dickens has continued to be powerful is because of the visualizable quality of his way of drawing characters, and that has made him a natural for cinematography.  Early screenwriters said they were influenced by Dickens because they found in his novels such pre-cinematic techniques as panning, close-ups, montage, and parallel plotting. Since we live in a visually oriented culture, I think that's probably his power.  He speaks to our mind's eye.

 

JH: I'd like to ask about "Phiz"--the artist Hablot Knight Browne.  Both men were young when they began working with one another--Browne only 20 and Dickens just 24.  Can you tell me a little about what's on display from "Phiz," and why you think the pair of them made such good collaborators?

 

Dr. Moeck:  I think Hablot was able to pick up on Dickens's strengths and to accentuate them.  It's been observed by detractors of Dickens that the people in his novels are more like caricatures--two-sided rather than fully developed people--and Browne was able to bring that out.  He was able to clearly render them as kind of exaggerated.  He worked well with Dickens because he was relatively unknown compared to [earlier Dickens illustrator George] Cruikshank and therefore malleable and susceptible to Dickens's stage directions.  We have an exhibition of an unpublished draft of Edith Granger, a woman from Dombey and Son. Dickens gave Hablot directions to portray her as not being a day over thirty, elegant with the spark of the devil in her--but how do you do that?  Dickens was satisfied with the results.

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I think even better examples [of art direction setting mood] are from the mature novels, such as Bleak House, and Browne's development of the dark plates.  He had fine line rulings that created a greater contrast of light and darkness, producing almost a mezzotint. That really worked well with the mature novels because in them, atmosphere has a much greater effect than the earlier novels. Landscapes and urban environments almost take on a character of their own, something Browne captured really well.

 

JH:  Why do you believe the two had their falling out later in life?

 

Dr. Moeck:  So that's an interesting question: It's been argued that Dickens thought his work was changing and that his characters were no longer as exaggerated as they were originally portrayed.  The answer is probably more complicated-- it might have been personal reasons, but also the sensibilities of the age had changed.  If you look at the illustrators who replaced Browne, they went after a much more naturalistic rendering--people like F.O.C. Darley.  They really tried to downplay the physical features that Dickens exaggerated in the novels and made the characters look like someone you might actually meet on the street rather than in a cartoon book.  I think that reflects a change in sensibilities of an era.

 

JH:  Dickens professed to know a little about music, but that wasn't entirely true. His novels are filled with musical references, which make me curious about the sheet music on display.  Can you tell me a bit about that?

 

Dr. Moeck:  We have three pieces of original sheet music on display that I chose in part because of their coloration.  In the 1840s, when Dickens came to New York, there was a big party thrown for him on Valentine's Day, and two thousand people crammed into a theatre to celebrate the world's most famous novelist writing in English.  They mounted a tableau event, people acting out key scenes from the early novels, and composers wrote dance music honoring different characters.  We have on display the "Barrow Boz Quadrilles," that were composed in his honor.  The other sheet music on display is "Little Nell Waltz," which was composed in the 1860s. It's based on one of the most pathetic Dickens characters of all, this little girl who wanders the countryside with her grandfather, who is addicted to gambling.

 

JH:  The exhibit also includes the codebook Dickens used to communicate with his mistress.  How does this fit in with the theme of characters?

 

English: Ellen Ternan, the young actress who b...

English: Ellen Ternan, the young actress who became Charles Dickens's mistress Français : Ellen Ternan, la jeune actrice qui devint la maîtresse de Charles Dickens (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Dr. Moeck:  It forms a part of the section of exhibitions called "Fatal Attractions." That is about Dickens's last three books and about the upheaval in his personal life, which kind of underpins them.  He met an eighteen-year-old actress when he was 45 and separated from his wife of twenty years on account of Ellen Ternan. Dickens was a champion of domesticity in the heart and home.  He was quoted as having said that his great ambition is to live in the hearts and homes of home-loving people, and that was his public persona.  It would basically have been a catastrophe if the public found out that he was involved with someone who was not his wife and half his age, and, of course, you couldn't divorce someone back then and marry someone new--that was not possible. He broke things off with his wife and more or less carried on this secret affair, and during 1867, on his second visit to the U.S., he brought with him a diary that recorded all of his engagements and also the wording he was going to use to telegram Ellen Ternan back in England as to whether she should come visit him.  The diary says "All Well" meant Ternan should come, and "Safe and Well" meant "Don't come."  That's what he ended up telegramming to Ternan via his agent.  He felt he did not have enough privacy to see her safely without attracting the press.  Dickens was very scrupulous to burn all his correspondence with Ternan, and vice versa, and this diary was lost or stolen until it turned up out of the blue at auction in New York in the 1920s.  Albert A. Berg and his brother Henry snatched it up because they were big fans of Dickensiana, and it was their behest to the library in 1938 that really forms the central core of the New York Public Library's holdings.  The Berg Collection not only has the diary that contains the code, it also has the memoranda book that, for thirteen years of his career, Dickens kept filled with lists of names of characters, some of which he used and some he didn't.  He always felt he had to have a character's name before he could write about a person.  As he used the names, he checked them off.


JH:  What is one of your favorite pieces on display?

 

Dr. Moeck: I like the Joseph Clayton Clark, otherwise known as "Kyd."  It's a picture of Dickens as a wizard dressed in a gown full of stars and moons and holding a wand. He's conjuring up the Ghost of Christmas Present, the famous image that was drawn by John Leech. I like that one because I think, for many people, Dickens is just inextricably attached to Christmas itself.  I teach Dickens, and A Christmas Carol is so easy to teach because everyone knows the story, and students can just focus on the language. Scrooge is so much a part of our cultural baggage that we travel with.  "Kyd" builds on this in this drawing of Dickens as a wizard and so capitalizes on this notion of Dickens having invented our modern celebration of Christmas, which is not true.  But somehow, in popular esteem, Dickens has eclipsed everyone else as the author most intimately attached to Christmas celebration.

 

JH: Dickens was, of course, a champion of the downtrodden and very much about social justice.  It's ironic that in this election year, those are themes that we are still talking about.  Is Dickens timeless?

 

Dr. Moeck:  There was an article addressing just this topic by Michael Feingold in the Village Voice of September 5th, and it was saying exactly how Dickens, being the champion of the downtrodden, is timeless.  I'm not so sure as to whether Dickens is timeless so much as economic inequality and oppression are--I think they are the ones that are timeless, and Dickens just tapped into it.

 

JH:  How else is the library celebrating Dickens's 200th birthday and what has this exhibit meant to you?

 

Dr. Moeck:  If you go to the library web site and find the page for the Dickens exhibition, you can access that information.  The exhibit is really a tribute to the New York Public Library, as the holdings of this institution are just phenomenal.  This exhibition was four years in research, and I could have filled a much larger space.  The reach of Dickens in every form of artistic interpretation is astounding. 

 

Additional Photo Credit, mid-page, right:  "Mrs. Gamp proposes a Toast."  In this original watercolor drawing by Phiz illustrating a celebrated scene in chapter 49 of Martin Chuzzlewit.  The New York Public Library, Berg Collection of English and American Literature.